Looking for a preschool or daycare in the Netherlands? From structured daycare centers to informal playgroups, there are many childcare options available to support your child’s early development. Preschools and daycare centers in the Netherlands play an important role beyond childcare. They help children build social skills, gain confidence, and gradually prepare for primary education in a new environment. This guide helps families understand the different options, enrollment processes, and expected costs. As childcare in the Netherlands can be expensive, it is important to explore subsidies and financial support early so you can make informed choices. Navigate the Dutch preschool and daycare system using the following topics: Childcare in the Netherlands In the Netherlands, children are entitled to free primary education from the age of four. Before that age, attendance at daycare or preschool is optional, but many families choose to use childcare services. Children can usually attend preschool (peuterspeelzaal) part-time from around age two to two-and-a-half. Daycare centers (kinderdagverblijf or kinderdagopvang) offer longer hours and care for children from birth until they start primary school. Most childcare providers are privately run and charge hourly fees. To keep childcare accessible, the government offers income-based subsidies. While gross childcare costs may seem high, subsidies often significantly reduce the final amount families pay. Children with identified developmental delays may qualify for voor- en vroegschoolse educatie (VVE), which provides additional preschool hours focused on early learning and language development. Types of daycare and preschools in the Netherlands Families with children under four can choose from several childcare options: What is a daycare (kinderdagverblijf or kinderdagopvang)? Daycare centers provide professional childcare for children from birth until age four. Their opening hours usually mirror a standard working day, making them suitable for working parents. Some centers also offer half-day, flexible, or 24-hour care for families with irregular schedules. Daycares are strictly regulated. They must be approved by the municipality, meet national safety and quality standards, and employ qualified staff. All employees are required to have a valid certificate of good conduct. Beyond supervision, daycare focuses on early learning and social development. Centers follow an educational policy and support children’s development through structured play and daily routines. What do children do at daycare? Daycares typically operate between early morning and early evening. During the day, children eat, nap, play, and participate in age-appropriate activities. Groups may be divided by age or organized in mixed-age settings. A typical daycare day may look like this: Typical daycare schedule Finding and choosing a daycare Because many parents return to work soon after birth, waiting lists can be long. It is common for families to register during pregnancy. Parents can search for approved providers through the National Childcare Register. Visiting daycares in person helps parents assess the atmosphere, staff interaction, and daily routines. When choosing a daycare, parents often consider: How to enrol in daycare in the Netherlands Due to long waiting lists, many parents apply during pregnancy and register with multiple providers. Enrollment requires the parents’ and child’s BSN numbers, a signed contract, address details, and bank information. Parents also agree on fixed hours and fees. Costs of daycare in the Netherlands Families may apply for childcare allowances if both parents work or study. The daycare’s registration number is required for the application. Hourly daycare costs typically range between €8.50 and €11. The exact cost depends on the provider and services included. What is a preschool (peuterspeelzaal)? Preschools are designed for children aged two to four and usually operate for several half-days per week. They focus on social development and school readiness rather than full-day childcare. Preschools are regularly inspected and must meet national quality standards. Staff are qualified childcare professionals, and group sizes are limited. Preschool attendance is available to all children, including families where one parent stays at home, and subsidies may apply. Preschool voor- en vroegschoolse educatie (VVE) indication Some children qualify for voor- en vroegschoolse educatie (VVE), an early education program aimed at reducing language and developmental delays. Children receive a VVE indication through assessments at the child health center. With this indication, preschool attendance is largely subsidized, although a small parental contribution may apply. What do children do at preschool? Preschool days are shorter than daycare days and typically run in the morning. Activities include circle time, themed play, outdoor activity, reading, and lunch. Typical preschool schedule Preschool staff monitor children’s development and share progress with parents and primary schools when children move on. Finding and choosing a preschool in the Netherlands Parents can visit preschools during open days or by appointment. Municipal websites often provide school-finder tools, and the National Childcare Register lists approved providers and inspection reports. Most preschools operate in Dutch. Families seeking English-language programs usually choose international preschools or nurseries. How to enrol in preschool in the Netherlands Children can be registered from around their first birthday. Preschools usually confirm placement closer to the child’s second birthday. Waiting times are generally shorter than daycare, but early registration is still recommended. Enrollment requires BSN numbers, a signed contract, and personal details. Costs of preschool in the Netherlands Preschool fees are similar to daycare fees. Working parents may apply for childcare allowance. Families not eligible for national benefits may qualify for municipal subsidies arranged through the preschool. What is a parent-run crèche (ouderparticipatiecrèche)? Parent-run crèches are cooperative childcare centers where parents take turns caring for children. Fees are lower than traditional daycare, and childcare allowance may still apply. These centers follow the same regulations as other childcare providers, with limited exceptions. What are playgroups (speelinloop)? Playgroups are informal drop-in sessions for children under three. They allow children to play and parents to connect with other families. Playgroups may be run by municipalities, community groups, or religious organizations and help children prepare for preschool environments. What do children do at a playgroup? Sessions usually last around two hours. Activities are informal and child-led, sometimes with themed crafts, music, or storytelling. Finding a playgroup in the Netherlands Parents can ask local child health

The Dutch primary school system can feel complicated at first, especially for families who did not grow up with it. From different educational philosophies to international school options, understanding how the system works is essential before enrolling your child. The Netherlands is known for its high-quality education and strong focus on child development. Parents are given a wide range of choices, which is positive—but it can also feel overwhelming for international families who are still learning how Dutch education is structured. This guide to primary schools in the Netherlands is designed to help you understand your options and make informed decisions for your child. It covers the following topics: The primary education system in the Netherlands Most children in the Netherlands start primary school (basisschool) the day after their fourth birthday, regardless of when that falls during the year. From the first school day of the month following their fifth birthday, school attendance becomes legally mandatory (leerplicht). Homeschooling is generally not permitted, except in rare and specific circumstances. Children aged four and five usually attend groups 1 and 2 together, known as kleuterklas (kindergarten). Learning during these years is play-based and focuses on social development, language skills, motor skills, independence, creativity, and early preparation for reading and writing. Formal academic learning begins in group 3, around the age of six. Most children complete primary school in group 8 at age twelve. Based on teacher recommendations and national assessment results, they then transition to an appropriate level of secondary education. Types of schools in the Netherlands Education choice is highly valued in the Netherlands. Most schools are government-funded and may follow a specific educational philosophy or religious background. There are also a small number of private schools, as well as bilingual and international options. Primary schools generally fall into three categories: Government-funded schools in the Netherlands The majority of children in the Netherlands attend government-funded schools. These schools are either openbare (public) or bijzondere (special). Regardless of their type, all government-funded schools must meet national educational standards set by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science (OCW) and participate in the national end test (Eindtoets groep 8). While core objectives are nationally defined, individual schools have significant freedom in how they organize teaching, structure lessons, and allocate budgets. This results in considerable variation between schools. Openbare and bijzondere schools Openbare schools are non-religious public schools managed by independent foundations originally established by the government. Some follow specific educational philosophies such as Montessori, Waldorf, Dalton, or Jenaplan. Around two-thirds of Dutch pupils attend bijzondere schools. These schools have their own governing boards and may be based on religious traditions or pedagogical philosophies. Religious identity varies widely, and many such schools are inclusive and open to families of all backgrounds. Since 1917, bijzondere schools have received equal state funding under the Freedom of Education Act. These schools are not private schools and do not charge tuition fees. Government-funded bilingual schools All Dutch primary schools must teach English as a subject by group 7 (around age 10). Many schools start earlier through VVTO (Vroeg Vreemde Talen Onderwijs), sometimes as early as group 1. A limited number of schools participate in bilingual education pilots, where 30–50% of lessons are taught in English. These are Dutch schools that partially teach content in English, but all assessments and final learning outcomes remain Dutch-based. Bilingual schools are generally not suitable for children who do not yet speak Dutch. In such cases, children usually attend a newcomer class first. Newcomer class Children aged six or older (and in some cities from age four) who do not speak Dutch are usually placed in a newcomer or language immersion class before joining a regular school. These classes offer intensive Dutch language education in small groups, usually for about one year. After completion, children transfer to a mainstream school at their age level, without losing a school year. Kopklas Some cities offer a kopklas, designed for motivated students who perform well academically but need additional Dutch language support. This one-year bridge program strengthens language skills and helps pupils qualify for a higher level of secondary education. Special needs education in the Netherlands Under the Inclusive Education Act (Passend Onderwijs), schools are responsible for providing suitable education for all children, including those with special needs. When necessary, children may attend special needs schools, including: These schools offer smaller classes, individualized support, and extended primary education up to age 14 when needed. The curriculum in Dutch primary schools Common curriculum in the Netherlands The national curriculum is defined through core objectives (kerndoelen) covering subjects such as Dutch, English, mathematics, social studies, arts, physical education, and—regionally—Frisian. Curriculum updates are ongoing to reflect modern skills such as digital literacy. Class composition in the Netherlands Classes typically contain 25–30 pupils, especially in urban areas. Some philosophy-based schools combine multiple age groups. Many classes are taught by two part-time teachers and supported by teaching assistants. School vacations in the Netherlands Primary school pupils have approximately 12 weeks of vacation per year. Breaks are spread evenly throughout the year, with a six-week summer holiday. Schools may also have additional training days (studiedag). School hours in the Netherlands School days usually start between 8:30 and 9:00 and finish between 14:45 and 15:30. Many schools close on Wednesday afternoons, while others follow equal daily schedules. Attendance becomes strictly regulated from age five. Common educational philosophies in the Netherlands Many schools follow established pedagogical approaches, including Montessori, Waldorf, Dalton, and Jenaplan. Montessori primary schools in the Netherlands Montessori education emphasizes independence, self-paced learning, and mixed-age classrooms. Teachers often stay with the same group for several years. Waldorf primary schools in the Netherlands Waldorf schools focus on holistic development through storytelling, arts, music, movement, and practical activities, often with long-term teacher continuity. Dalton primary schools in the Netherlands Dalton education encourages responsibility, planning, collaboration, and project-based learning, typically with single-age classrooms. Jenaplan primary schools in the Netherlands Jenaplan schools emphasize community, dialogue, and cultural awareness, with mixed-age groups and strong parental involvement.

Raising a child in the Netherlands can feel very different from parenting back home. From early independence to structured childcare systems, it’s never too early to understand your options. This guide explains how childcare works in the Netherlands and what families should expect after arrival. Finding reliable childcare is a major step for any family. When you are living abroad, navigating a new system, language, and rules can make the process feel overwhelming. The good news is that the Netherlands is one of the most child-friendly countries in Europe, with a wide range of regulated childcare options and strong government support for working parents. Whether you are looking for daycare, after-school care, a nanny, or occasional babysitting, there are many possibilities available. This guide also explains how Dutch childcare subsidies work and how families can reduce costs. To help you navigate childcare in the Netherlands, this article covers the following topics: Childcare in the Netherlands The general Dutch term for childcare is kinderopvang. This includes daycare centers, preschools, playgroups, before- and after-school care, nannies, childminders, au pairs, and babysitters. In the Netherlands, it is common for both parents to return to work relatively soon after a child is born. As a result, demand for childcare is high and waiting lists are common. Families arriving with children should plan early and register for childcare as soon as possible. Dutch work culture strongly supports work-life balance. Government policy reflects this through parental leave rights and subsidized childcare for working parents. Many employers also offer flexible schedules, allowing parents to divide childcare responsibilities more evenly. All childcare providers in the Netherlands must be registered and approved by the local municipality. They are inspected regularly, must meet national quality standards, and employ qualified staff. Every childcare worker is required to have a certificate of good conduct. Parents can search for approved childcare providers using the National Childcare Register (Landelijk Register Kinderopvang). This register lists official providers and their registration numbers, which are required when applying for childcare allowance. Maternity and paternity leave Employed mothers in the Netherlands are entitled to 16 weeks of paid maternity leave. Self-employed mothers can also apply for maternity benefits covering the same period. Partners are entitled to one week of fully paid leave within four weeks of the child’s birth. In addition, they may take up to five weeks of unpaid leave within the first six months. During this unpaid period, it is possible to receive up to 70% of salary through the Dutch Employment Insurance Agency. Parental leave The Netherlands also offers parental leave (ouderschapsverlof), which is available to employed parents of children up to the age of eight. Parents can take up to 26 times their weekly working hours as parental leave. Recent changes allow parents to receive partial salary compensation during the first nine weeks of parental leave, making it easier for families to balance work and childcare in the early years. Who can access childcare in the Netherlands? Anyone can arrange informal childcare in the Netherlands if they pay the full cost themselves. However, registered childcare providers will require proof that your family is officially registered in the country. This is done using your Burgerservicenummer (BSN), the Dutch citizen service number. Every family member receives a BSN after registering with the local municipality, which must be done shortly after arrival. BSN numbers are essential for many aspects of life in the Netherlands. In childcare, they are used to verify childcare hours when families apply for government childcare allowances. Families who choose unregistered childcare, such as private babysitting arrangements, are generally not eligible for childcare allowance. Vaccination of children is recommended but not mandatory in the Netherlands. Childcare centers currently admit unvaccinated children, although discussions on future policy changes are ongoing. Dutch preschool and daycare Children in the Netherlands usually start primary school (basisschool) on their fourth birthday. Before this age, children may attend various group-care settings. Daycare (kinderdagverblijven) Daycare centers provide care for children from birth until four years old. Due to high demand, waiting lists can be long, sometimes exceeding a year. Many parents register during pregnancy to secure a place. Typical daycare hours align with the working day, usually from early morning until early evening. Some centers offer part-time or flexible care, including 24-hour daycare options for parents with irregular work schedules. Preschool (voorschool or peuterspeelzaal) Preschools are designed for children aged two to four. Children attend several days per week and learn through structured play. For international families, preschools often provide a child’s first exposure to the Dutch language. Working parents may apply for childcare allowance to help cover preschool costs. Families who are not eligible for childcare allowance may still qualify for municipal subsidies. Children with developmental needs may be entitled to additional support or free preschool placement. Playgroup (speelinloop) Playgroups are informal group sessions where parents attend together with their children. These are common across Dutch municipalities and are suitable for babies and toddlers. Playgroups help children socialize and allow parents to connect with local families. They are also a gentle introduction to Dutch language and culture. Some playgroups are free, while others require registration or a small fee. In cities with large international communities, parents may also find international playgroups that operate in English or other languages. Crèche Some large employers operate onsite childcare facilities for their staff. These function similarly to regular daycare centers and follow the same regulations. Access is usually limited to employees, and places are often offered on fixed days rather than flexible schedules. Some gyms also provide short-term childcare through onsite crèches, allowing parents to exercise or attend classes while their children are supervised. International childcare in the Netherlands In cities such as Amsterdam, The Hague, and Eindhoven, families can find childcare options designed specifically for international and expat children. These include international schools with early-years programs, bilingual daycare centers, and internationally experienced childminders. International schools with early-years provisions Some international schools offer early-years education, providing continuity for children who are likely to

The Dutch education system offers families a wide range of choices. While it is known for its strong quality and accessibility, it can feel complex—especially for families relocating from abroad. School policies can also vary by city, which makes early research especially important. One unique feature of the Dutch system is that public, religious, and philosophy-based schools have received equal government funding since 1917. This ensures that families can choose an educational approach that aligns with their values without compromising quality. The Netherlands is also home to many international and bilingual schools, some of which receive government subsidies. Education options exist at every level, from early childhood through higher education. Education in the Netherlands: How It Works Children may start primary school the day after their fourth birthday, although attendance becomes compulsory from age five. Primary education consists of eight grades (Group 1 to Group 8), typically completed by age 12. After primary school, students move on to secondary education. Compulsory schooling continues until the end of the school year in which a child turns 16. If a recognised diploma has not yet been obtained, students must continue studying until age 18, either full-time or part-time. School Fees and Parental Contributions Education at government-funded schools is free of charge. However, schools often request a voluntary parental contribution, which helps cover additional activities such as excursions, celebrations, cultural projects, or extracurricular programs. Some schools adjust this contribution based on household income. The Ministry of Education sets national quality standards and learning objectives, while individual schools decide how to organise their curriculum and budget. School attendance laws are strict, and absences are only allowed for specific, approved reasons. School Holidays in the Netherlands School holidays are set nationally, with staggered schedules across three regions to reduce travel congestion. The summer holiday lasts six weeks, and shorter breaks occur throughout the year after each school period. Private and international schools may follow different calendars, but the academic year must include at least 40 weeks of instruction. Quality of the Dutch Education System The Netherlands consistently performs well in international education rankings and is widely recognised for both academic quality and equal access to education. Dutch universities regularly rank among the top institutions worldwide. To keep education future-ready, the government continues to update the national curriculum in collaboration with educators and specialists. Preschool Education Before primary school, children may attend daycare or preschool. Daycare typically serves children from infancy to age four, while preschool usually begins at age two and focuses on early development. Preschool programs support language development, social skills, and motor skills in a structured but playful environment. Financial support is available through tax benefits or municipal subsidies, depending on parental employment status. Primary Education Primary schools are divided into public and special schools. Public schools are non-religious, while special schools may follow religious or educational philosophies. Most are open to children from all backgrounds. Early years focus on learning through play, with formal reading and writing beginning around age six. Class sizes average between 23 and 24 students, although this may be higher in urban areas. Educational Philosophies Many families choose schools based on educational philosophy. Common approaches include: Understanding how a philosophy is applied in practice is essential, as implementation varies by school. School Hours and After-School Care School hours are determined by individual schools, typically starting around 8:30am and ending mid-afternoon. Lunch arrangements vary, and some schools operate a continuous schedule with shorter breaks. Wednesdays usually end early, and after-school care is widely available through external organisations. Parents arrange and pay for this separately, though financial support may be available. Bilingual Education English is introduced as a subject by age 10 at the latest, though many schools begin earlier. Some schools offer bilingual programs where part of the curriculum is taught in English, while assessments remain in Dutch. These schools follow the Dutch curriculum and are designed for children who will continue their education within the Dutch system. Student Testing and Reports Dutch primary schools focus on monitoring progress rather than frequent homework or high-pressure testing. Progress is tracked using a pupil monitoring system, which helps identify learning needs early. Formal school reports are typically issued twice per year, and repeating or skipping a year is socially accepted if it benefits the child. In the final year of primary school, pupils take a nationally approved end test. Combined with teacher assessment, this determines the recommended secondary education pathway. Secondary Education There are three main secondary education levels: Many schools offer a mixed bridge year before final placement. Movement between levels is possible, though it may extend the total study time. International and Special Needs Schools The Netherlands offers both subsidised and private international schools, many teaching in English and following international curricula. Special needs education is supported through inclusive policies, with tailored support available in mainstream schools or specialised institutions when required. Higher Education After secondary school, students may continue into vocational education (MBO), universities of applied sciences (HBO), or research universities (WO). Tuition fees are relatively low compared to many countries, and financial support options are available. Many degree programs are offered in English, making higher education accessible to international students. Homeschooling in the Netherlands Homeschooling is generally not permitted, except in very limited circumstances. Families considering this option should seek legal advice early, as entering and exiting the Dutch education system can be challenging. How Relo Reunite Can Help Understanding the Dutch education system takes time—but you don’t have to navigate it alone. Relo Reunite supports families with school selection, enrollment guidance, language support options, and long-term education planning.

Children in the final year of Dutch primary school usually take a national assessment known as the Cito toets. This exam typically takes place in February and plays a role in shaping the advice given for a child’s secondary school pathway. While important, the Cito toets is only one part of the overall evaluation of a pupil’s abilities. What Is the Cito Toets? The Cito toets has been used in the Netherlands for decades as a standardized assessment for primary school pupils. Most children answer a large set of multiple-choice questions that test several core skills, including: In most schools, pupils complete around 290 questions. Some schools choose not to test general knowledge, in which case pupils answer a reduced number of questions. Participation in the Cito toets is voluntary for schools, but the majority of primary schools in the Netherlands choose to take part. Pupils attending participating schools are generally required to sit the exam, with exceptions for children who have recently arrived in the country or who are expected to move into special or practical secondary education. To prepare pupils over time, some schools also use an entry test (Entree-toets) in earlier years of primary education. This helps teachers identify learning gaps before the final primary school year. Understanding the Results Children cannot fail the Cito toets. Instead, results are converted into a score ranging from 500 to 550 points. The national average typically sits around the mid-530s. A score around this average often supports advice for pathways such as: Higher scores may align with advice for HAVO or VWO, although the final recommendation always considers more than just the test result. Cito scores are often included in a school’s official guide (schoolgids), which parents may consult when choosing a primary school. However, results should always be viewed in context rather than as a standalone measure of school quality. What Do Children Think About the Exam? Pupils generally recognise that the Cito toets is important, and many feel a mix of nervousness and motivation during the exam days. Language and mathematics are often described as the most challenging sections. At the same time, some children appreciate the calm and focus that the exam environment brings. Others find the experience enjoyable because it allows them to demonstrate what they have learned over the years. Overall, most pupils understand that the exam helps show their academic level and contributes to decisions about secondary education. How Important Is the Cito Toets Really? Although the Cito toets can influence secondary school placement, it is not the deciding factor. Teachers base their final advice on a child’s long-term performance, classroom behaviour, learning attitude, and development throughout primary school. Research consistently shows that parents place greater trust in teacher recommendations than in the test score alone. Secondary schools may review Cito results during admissions, but they do not rely solely on them. The organisation responsible for developing the test advises parents not to let children study intensively for the exam, as preparation can distort the true picture of a child’s abilities. More Than Just a Test Beyond guiding secondary school advice, Cito results are also used by education authorities to evaluate how well schools are supporting their pupils. Over time, adjustments have been made to ensure the test is fair and accessible to children from diverse backgrounds. For families relocating to the Netherlands, it is important to understand that the Cito toets is best seen as a guideline, not a verdict. A child’s future opportunities remain flexible, and movement between education levels is common within the Dutch system.